{"url":"/-ó-endings","parsed":{"node":"root","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"content-wrapper "},"child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"section","attr":{"className":"tiny wide"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"float-right"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"level","attr":{"level":"B1"}}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"id":"breadcrumbs-title"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"title-part namespace"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"/explanations"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Explanations"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"title-separator"}},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"title-part bold "},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"span","child":[{"node":"text","text":"-ó endings"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"spacer","attr":{"space":"10"}},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"center"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"element","tag":"main","attr":{"className":""},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"section","attr":{"className":" content first "},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"There exists a fun little pattern of shortening Icelandic words, which is to take the first syllable of the word"},{"node":"element","tag":"sup","attr":{"className":"reference","data-no-translate":""},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"["},{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"#ref-a"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"a"}]},{"node":"text","text":"]"}]},{"node":"text","text":" and then add "},{"node":"element","tag":"span","attr":{"style":{"whiteSpace":"nowrap"}},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"“-ó”"}]},{"node":"text","text":" to it. This pattern is surprisingly common in certain contexts. While most of them can only be used in informal contexts or make you sound like a teenager, a handful can be used in relatively formal speech."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Words shortened on this format are always two syllables. This trick does not work for any word, it only works on word that already have an established short version."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"This page contains a list of words you are relatively likely to encounter. For a list of less common words, see "},{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"/-%C3%B3-endings/less-common-words"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"here"}]},{"node":"text","text":"."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"h2","attr":{"id":"section-very_common_words"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Very common words"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"The following words are heard in everyday speech:"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"strætisvagn → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"strætó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (bus)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Extremely common, even in formal speech."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"tyggigúmmí → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"tyggjó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (gum)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Extremely common."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"h2","attr":{"id":"section-relatively_common_words"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Relatively common words"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"slysadeild → 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"},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Mosó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (a town next to Reykjavík)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal, common."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglufj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur","rel":"noopener"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Siglufjörður"}]},{"node":"text","text":" → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Sigló"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (a town in the north)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"h2","attr":{"id":"section-less_common_or_informal"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Less common or informal"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"tengdamóðir, tengdafaðir → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"tengdó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (mother/father in law)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"kærasti "},{"node":"element","tag":"span","attr":{"className":"darkgray"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"/"}]},{"node":"text","text":" kærasta → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"kæró"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (boyfriend, girlfriend)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal, occasionally used by the younger generation."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"„Ég og kæró ætlum að kíkja til Sigló um helgina.“"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"vandræðalegt → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"vandró"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (awkward, “awko taco”)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Very informal, occasionally used by the younger generation."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"„Ég labbaði óvart inn í vitlaust hús, það var ekkert smá vandró.“"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"leyndarmál → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"leyndó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (a secret)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal but extremely common for young speakers."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"„Þú mátt ekki segja neinum, þetta er leyndó.“"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"huggulegt → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"huggó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (cozy)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal, not very common."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"„Æ hvað það er eitthvað huggó hérna inni hjá þér eftir að þú settir upp jólaseríuna.“"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"kammó"}]},{"node":"element","tag":"sup","attr":{"className":"reference","data-no-translate":""},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"["},{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"#ref-b"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"b"}]},{"node":"text","text":"]"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (to be friendly/pleasant/likable with someone)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal, somewhat common."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"„Ég þekki nágranna mína ekki svo vel, en þeir eru voða kammó.“"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"bæ → "},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"bæjó"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (bye)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Informal, very common."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"„Sjáumst.“ „Já, bæjó.“"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"h2","attr":{"id":"section-others"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Others"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"/-%C3%B3-endings/less-common-words"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"List of less commonly seen -ó words"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"section","attr":{"className":"content-footer"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Further reading"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"ul","child":[{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00437956.1964.11659809","rel":"noopener"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Icelandic Neologisms in -ó"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" (1964), Oscar F. Jones (in English)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"li","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/24480/1/BA_Daria_Lazic.pdf","rel":"noopener"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"A bachelor’s thesis on the -ó ending"}]},{"node":"text","text":" (2016), by Daria Lazić (in Icelandic)"}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Notes"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"text","text":"The word „bíó“ (cinema) is a "},{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"/sletta"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"loan word"}]},{"node":"text","text":" taken from the Danish “"},{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"bio"}]},{"node":"text","text":"graf-teater” (biographical theater), meaning that it has not been constructed like the other shortened word shown here. The same applies to sjampó and vídjó."}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"references"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"b","child":[{"node":"text","text":"Footnotes"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"p","child":[{"node":"element","tag":"ul","attr":{"className":"plain"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"li","attr":{"id":"ref-a"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"span","attr":{"className":"list-number"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"a."}]},{"node":"text","text":" In rarer cases the word can also somehow be distilled into a single syllable, like in "},{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"afbrýðisamur"}]},{"node":"text","text":"→"},{"node":"element","tag":"em","child":[{"node":"text","text":"abbó"}]},{"node":"text","text":"."}]},{"node":"element","tag":"li","attr":{"id":"ref-b"},"child":[{"node":"element","tag":"span","attr":{"className":"list-number"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"b."}]},{"node":"text","text":" This word is derived from the "},{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish","rel":"noopener"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"Danish"}]},{"node":"text","text":" word “kammerat”, meaning “mate” "},{"node":"element","tag":"span","attr":{"className":"darkgray"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"/"}]},{"node":"text","text":" “friend”. "}]}]}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "},{"node":"element","tag":"div","attr":{"className":"license"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"You are free to republish this article "},{"node":"element","tag":"span","attr":{"className":"license-link"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"("},{"node":"element","tag":"a","attr":{"href":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","rel":"noopener","target":"_blank"},"child":[{"node":"text","text":"CC0 / public domain"}]},{"node":"text","text":")"}]}]},{"node":"text","text":" "}]}]}]},"flattenedData":{},"header":{"title":"-ó endings","level":"B1","license":"CC0","reviewed":"no","reflist":"<div class=\"references\">'''Footnotes'''\n\n<ul class='plain'><li id=\"ref-a\"><span class=\"list-number\">a&period;</span> In rarer cases the word can also somehow be distilled into a single syllable, like in ''afbrýðisamur''→''abbó''.</li><li id=\"ref-b\"><span class=\"list-number\">b&period;</span> This word is derived from the [[w:Danish|Danish]] word \"kammerat\", meaning \"mate\" / \"friend\". </li></ul>\n\n</div>"},"shouldBeIndexed":true}